Vocea pasivă

Vocea pasivă

Când vrei să pui accentul pe acțiune în loc de persoana care o face, sau când nu știi/nu contează cine face acțiunea, folosești Passive Voice (vocea pasivă).

Active vs Passive

ACTIVE VOICE

"Shakespeare wrote Hamlet."

Focus pe CINE face acțiunea (Shakespeare)

PASSIVE VOICE

"Hamlet was written by Shakespeare."

Focus pe CE s-a întâmplat (Hamlet)

Structura Passive Voice

BE (conjugat) + PAST PARTICIPLE (verb la forma a 3-a)

TimpActivePassive
Present Simple They make cars. Cars are made.
Past Simple They made cars. Cars were made.
Present Continuous They are making cars. Cars are being made.
Present Perfect They have made cars. Cars have been made.
Future (will) They will make cars. Cars will be made.
Modal (can) They can make cars. Cars can be made.

Când folosești Passive Voice

  • Nu știi cine face acțiunea: "My bike was stolen." (Nu știu cine l-a furat)
  • Nu contează cine o face: "English is spoken here." (Important e că se vorbește)
  • E evident cine o face: "He was arrested." (Evident că poliția l-a arestat)
  • Vrei să fii formal/oficial: "Smoking is not allowed." (Reguli, anunțuri)
  • Focus pe obiect, nu subiect: "The Mona Lisa was painted in 1503."

BY + Agent (cine face acțiunea)

Dacă vrei să menționezi cine face acțiunea, folosești BY:

✅ "The book was written by Tolkien."

✅ "The house is being built by a local company."

Dar adesea omiți "by + agent" dacă nu e important sau e evident!

Reading: A Famous Discovery

Penicillin: The Accidental Discovery

Penicillin, one of the most important medicines in history, was discovered by accident in 1928. Alexander Fleming, a Scottish scientist, was studying bacteria when he noticed something unusual. Some of his bacterial cultures had been contaminated by mold, and the bacteria around the mold had been killed.

Fleming realized that the mold was producing a substance that could kill bacteria. This substance was later named penicillin. However, penicillin wasn't used widely until World War II, when it was mass-produced to treat wounded soldiers. Today, millions of lives are saved every year thanks to this accidental discovery.

📝 Comprehension Questions - Click to see

1. When was penicillin discovered?

Answer: In 1928

2. How was it discovered?

Answer: By accident - Fleming noticed mold had killed bacteria

3. When was penicillin widely used?

Answer: During World War II

Dialogue: At the Museum

Tourist: Excuse me, when was this painting created?

Guide: It was painted in 1889 by Vincent van Gogh. It's called "The Starry Night."

Tourist: It's beautiful! Where is the original kept?

Guide: The original is kept at the Museum of Modern Art in New York. This is a reproduction.

Tourist: I see. Are photographs allowed in this gallery?

Guide: Yes, photos can be taken, but flash photography is not permitted.

Tourist: Thank you! One more question - when was this museum built?

Guide: It was built in 1892 and has been renovated several times since then.

Key Vocabulary

discover (verb) - a descoperi

To find something for the first time

invent (verb) - a inventa

To create something new

produce (verb) - a produce

To make or manufacture

manufacture (verb) - a fabrica

To make goods in large quantities

create (verb) - a crea

To make something artistic or new

build (verb) - a construi

To construct buildings or structures

design (verb) - a proiecta

To plan how something will look

publish (verb) - a publica

To print and distribute books/articles

renovate (verb) - a renova

To repair and improve a building

destroy (verb) - a distruge

To damage beyond repair

Useful Expressions

  • "It is said that..." - Se spune că... (People say that...)
  • "It is believed that..." - Se crede că... (People believe that...)
  • "It is known that..." - Se știe că... (Everyone knows that...)
  • "It was made in..." - A fost făcut în... (Origin/manufacturing)
  • "It was built by..." - A fost construit de... (Construction)
  • "It is located in..." - Este situat în... (Location)

❌ Greșeli comune!

❌ "The house is build." (GREȘIT - lipsește "being" sau e timpul greșit)

✅ "The house is being built." (acum, în construcție)

✅ "The house was built." (în trecut, terminat)

Reține:

Passive Voice = BE (conjugat) + Past Participle. Folosești când focus e pe acțiune, nu pe cine o face. Adaugi "by + agent" doar dacă e important!

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English is spoken here.

Pronuntie: /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ ɪz ˈspəʊkən hɪə/

Engleza se vorbește aici.

Observație:

Present Simple Passive: is/are + past participle.

Lista completă de cuvinte și expresii 67 expresii

# Engleză Română Pronunție
1 English is spoken here. Engleza se vorbește aici.
2 Cars are made in this factory. Mașinile sunt fabricate în această fabrică.
3 The office is cleaned every day. Biroul este curățat în fiecare zi.
4 These products are sold worldwide. Aceste produse sunt vândute în toată lumea.
5 The museum is visited by thousands of tourists. Muzeul este vizitat de mii de turiști.
6 The book was written in 1950. Cartea a fost scrisă în 1950.
7 The house was built last year. Casa a fost construită anul trecut.
8 These letters were sent yesterday. Aceste scrisori au fost trimise ieri.
9 The movie was directed by Spielberg. Filmul a fost regizat de Spielberg.
10 My bike was stolen. Bicicleta mea a fost furată.
11 The house is being built. Casa este în construcție.
12 The car is being repaired. Mașina este reparată (acum).
13 New roads are being constructed. Drumuri noi sunt în construcție.
14 The problem is being solved. Problema este rezolvată (acum).
15 The work has been finished. Munca a fost terminată.
16 The letter has been sent. Scrisoarea a fost trimisă.
17 Many trees have been planted. Mulți copaci au fost plantați.
18 The decision has been made. Decizia a fost luată.
19 The building has been renovated. Clădirea a fost renovată.
20 The project will be completed next month. Proiectul va fi finalizat luna viitoare.
21 The results will be announced tomorrow. Rezultatele vor fi anunțate mâine.
22 New employees will be hired. Angajați noi vor fi angajați.
23 The meeting will be held on Friday. Întâlnirea va avea loc vineri.
24 This can be done easily. Asta poate fi făcut ușor.
25 The problem must be solved. Problema trebuie rezolvată.
26 This should be checked. Asta ar trebui verificat.
27 It can be seen from here. Poate fi văzut de aici.
28 The rules must be followed. Regulile trebuie respectate.
29 The work isn't finished yet. Munca nu este terminată încă.
30 The letter wasn't sent. Scrisoarea nu a fost trimisă.
31 The problem hasn't been solved. Problema nu a fost rezolvată.
32 It won't be forgotten. Nu va fi uitat.
33 Smoking is not allowed here. Fumatul nu este permis aici.
34 When was it built? Când a fost construit?
35 Where is it made? Unde este fabricat?
36 Has it been finished? A fost terminat?
37 Will it be done today? Va fi făcut azi?
38 Is English spoken here? Se vorbește engleza aici?
39 The telephone was invented by Bell. Telefonul a fost inventat de Bell.
40 The Mona Lisa was painted by Leonardo da Vinci. Mona Lisa a fost pictată de Leonardo da Vinci.
41 The pyramids were built by the Egyptians. Piramidele au fost construite de egipteni.
42 Penicillin was discovered by Fleming. Penicilina a fost descoperită de Fleming.
43 The light bulb was invented by Edison. Becul a fost inventat de Edison.
44 These phones are made in China. Aceste telefoane sunt fabricate în China.
45 Wine is produced in this region. Vinul este produs în această regiune.
46 The cars are assembled in Germany. Mașinile sunt asamblate în Germania.
47 Coffee is grown in Brazil. Cafeaua este cultivată în Brazilia.
48 The bridge was designed by a famous architect. Podul a fost proiectat de un arhitect faimos.
49 The cathedral was built in the 12th century. Catedrala a fost construită în secolul al 12-lea.
50 The stadium is being renovated. Stadionul este renovat.
51 The old building was destroyed in the fire. Clădirea veche a fost distrusă în incendiu.
52 The book was published last year. Cartea a fost publicată anul trecut.
53 The article is written in English. Articolul este scris în engleză.
54 The news is broadcast every hour. Știrile sunt difuzate în fiecare oră.
55 The film was released in 2020. Filmul a fost lansat în 2020.
56 The room is cleaned daily. Camera este curățată zilnic.
57 The food is served at 7 PM. Mâncarea este servită la ora 19.
58 The package was delivered this morning. Pachetul a fost livrat azi dimineață.
59 Dinner is being prepared. Cina este pregătită (acum).
60 It is said that he is very rich. Se spune că el este foarte bogat.
61 It is believed that she will win. Se crede că ea va câștiga.
62 It is known that smoking is harmful. Se știe că fumatul este dăunător.
63 It is expected that prices will rise. Se așteaptă ca prețurile să crească.
64 Pets are not allowed in the building. Animalele de companie nu sunt permise în clădire.
65 Visitors are required to sign in. Vizitatorii sunt obligați să se înregistreze.
66 Photography is forbidden here. Fotografiatul este interzis aici.
67 Seat belts must be worn. Centurile de siguranță trebuie purtate.

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