El a spus că...

Când vrei să spui ce a zis altcineva (fără să folosești ghilimele), folosești Reported Speech sau Indirect Speech (vorbirea indirectă).

Direct vs Reported Speech

DIRECT SPEECH

She said, "I am tired."

Cuvintele exacte (cu ghilimele)

REPORTED SPEECH

She said (that) she was tired.

Raportezi ce a spus (fără ghilimele)

Schimbări de timp (Tense Changes)

Când raportezi, timpul verbal se schimbă (merge "un pas în trecut"):

Direct Speech	Reported Speech	Exemplu
Present Simple	Past Simple	"I work here." → He said he worked there.
Present Continuous	Past Continuous	"I am working." → She said she was working.
Past Simple	Past Perfect	"I saw him." → He said he had seen him.
Present Perfect	Past Perfect	"I have finished." → She said she had finished.
Will	Would	"I will come." → He said he would come.
Can	Could	"I can help." → She said she could help.

Schimbări de pronume și expresii de timp/loc

Pronume:

I → he/she
you → I/we/they
we → they
my → his/her
here → there

Timp:

now → then
today → that day
tomorrow → the next day
yesterday → the day before
this → that

SAY vs TELL

Diferența importantă:

✅ SAY (+ that): "He said (that) he was tired."

✅ SAY TO someone: "He said to me (that) he was tired."

✅ TELL someone: "He told me (that) he was tired."

❌ Nu spui "He told that..." sau "He said me..."!

Reading: Romanian Inventions

Romanian Contributions to Science

Romania has given the world many important inventions and discoveries. Henri Coandă, a Romanian engineer, said that he had discovered a new aerodynamic phenomenon in 1910. This discovery, now called the Coandă Effect, is used in modern aircraft design.

Nicolae Paulescu, a Romanian physiologist, announced in 1921 that he had discovered insulin. He told the scientific community that this substance could help diabetic patients. Although the Nobel Prize was later given to others, historians believe that Paulescu's work was crucial.

Petrache Poenaru, a Romanian inventor, claimed that he had created the fountain pen in 1827. He said that his invention would make writing easier. The French patent office confirmed that his design was revolutionary for its time.

📝 Comprehension Questions - Click to see

1. What did Henri Coandă discover?

Answer: The Coandă Effect (an aerodynamic phenomenon)

2. What did Nicolae Paulescu announce in 1921?

Answer: That he had discovered insulin

3. What did Petrache Poenaru invent?

Answer: The fountain pen (in 1827)

Dialogue: Interview with a Scientist

Reporter: Dr. Ionescu, what did you discover in your research?

Dr. Ionescu: I discovered a new method for treating infections. I believe it will help many patients.

Reporter: When did you make this discovery?

Dr. Ionescu: I made it last year, but I have been working on it for five years.

Reporter: What will you do next?

Dr. Ionescu: I will publish my findings next month. I hope other scientists can use my research.

Later, the reporter wrote:

Dr. Ionescu said that she had discovered a new method for treating infections. She told me that she believed it would help many patients.

She explained that she had made the discovery the year before, but that she had been working on it for five years.

She added that she would publish her findings the following month and that she hoped other scientists could use her research.

Key Vocabulary

announce (verb) - a anunța

To make something known publicly

claim (verb) - a pretinde, a susține

To state that something is true

confirm (verb) - a confirma

To verify that something is true

explain (verb) - a explica

To make something clear

mention (verb) - a menționa

To refer to something briefly

admit (verb) - a admite

To confess or acknowledge

deny (verb) - a nega

To say something is not true

promise (verb) - a promite

To commit to doing something

suggest (verb) - a sugera

To propose an idea

warn (verb) - a avertiza

To alert about danger

Reporting Verbs

În loc de "said", poți folosi verbe mai specifice:

told - a spus (cuiva)
explained - a explicat
announced - a anunțat
claimed - a susținut
admitted - a admis
complained - s-a plâns
suggested - a sugerat
promised - a promis

💡 Când NU schimbi timpul:

Dacă ce a spus persoana e încă adevărat, poți păstra timpul prezent:

✅ "She said she lives in Bucharest." (încă locuiește acolo)

✅ "He said the Earth is round." (adevăr universal)

Reține:

Reported Speech = raportezi ce a spus cineva. Schimbi timpul (un pas în trecut), pronumele și expresiile de timp/loc. SAY + that, TELL + persoană!

1 / 72

She said, "I work here."

Pronuntie: /ʃiː sed aɪ wɜːk hɪə/

Ea a spus: "Lucrez aici."

Observație:

Direct speech with present simple.

Lista completă de cuvinte și expresii 72 expresii

#	Engleză	Română	Pronunție
1	She said, "I work here."	Ea a spus: "Lucrez aici."	/ʃiː sed aɪ wɜːk hɪə/
2	She said (that) she worked there.	Ea a spus că lucrează acolo.	/ʃiː sed ðət ʃiː wɜːkt ðeə/
3	He said, "I live in Bucharest."	El a spus: "Locuiesc în București."	/hiː sed aɪ lɪv ɪn ˌbuːkəˈrest/
4	He said he lived in Bucharest.	El a spus că locuiește în București.	/hiː sed hiː lɪvd ɪn ˌbuːkəˈrest/
5	They said, "We like it."	Ei au spus: "Ne place."	/ðeɪ sed wiː laɪk ɪt/
6	They said they liked it.	Ei au spus că le place.	/ðeɪ sed ðeɪ laɪkt ɪt/
7	She said, "I am working."	Ea a spus: "Lucrez (acum)."	/ʃiː sed aɪ əm ˈwɜːkɪŋ/
8	She said she was working.	Ea a spus că lucrează.	/ʃiː sed ʃiː wəz ˈwɜːkɪŋ/
9	He said, "I am studying English."	El a spus: "Învăț engleza."	/hiː sed aɪ əm ˈstʌdiɪŋ ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/
10	He said he was studying English.	El a spus că învață engleza.	/hiː sed hiː wəz ˈstʌdiɪŋ ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/
11	She said, "I saw him yesterday."	Ea a spus: "L-am văzut ieri."	/ʃiː sed aɪ sɔː hɪm ˈjestədeɪ/
12	She said she had seen him the day before.	Ea a spus că îl văzuse cu o zi înainte.	/ʃiː sed ʃiː həd siːn hɪm ðə deɪ bɪˈfɔː/
13	He said, "I finished the work."	El a spus: "Am terminat munca."	/hiː sed aɪ ˈfɪnɪʃt ðə wɜːk/
14	He said he had finished the work.	El a spus că terminase munca.	/hiː sed hiː həd ˈfɪnɪʃt ðə wɜːk/
15	She said, "I have been there."	Ea a spus: "Am fost acolo."	/ʃiː sed aɪ həv biːn ðeə/
16	She said she had been there.	Ea a spus că fusese acolo.	/ʃiː sed ʃiː həd biːn ðeə/
17	He said, "I have finished my homework."	El a spus: "Mi-am terminat tema."	/hiː sed aɪ həv ˈfɪnɪʃt maɪ ˈhəʊmwɜːk/
18	He said he had finished his homework.	El a spus că își terminase tema.	/hiː sed hiː həd ˈfɪnɪʃt hɪz ˈhəʊmwɜːk/
19	She said, "I will come tomorrow."	Ea a spus: "Voi veni mâine."	/ʃiː sed aɪ wɪl kʌm təˈmɒrəʊ/
20	She said she would come the next day.	Ea a spus că va veni a doua zi.	/ʃiː sed ʃiː wʊd kʌm ðə nekst deɪ/
21	He said, "I will help you."	El a spus: "Te voi ajuta."	/hiː sed aɪ wɪl help juː/
22	He said he would help me.	El a spus că mă va ajuta.	/hiː sed hiː wʊd help miː/
23	She said, "I can speak French."	Ea a spus: "Pot vorbi franceză."	/ʃiː sed aɪ kæn spiːk frentʃ/
24	She said she could speak French.	Ea a spus că poate vorbi franceză.	/ʃiː sed ʃiː kʊd spiːk frentʃ/
25	He said, "I can help you."	El a spus: "Pot să te ajut."	/hiː sed aɪ kæn help juː/
26	He said he could help me.	El a spus că poate să mă ajute.	/hiː sed hiː kʊd help miː/
27	She said that she was tired.	Ea a spus că este obosită.	/ʃiː sed ðət ʃiː wəz ˈtaɪəd/
28	She told me that she was tired.	Ea mi-a spus că este obosită.	/ʃiː təʊld miː ðət ʃiː wəz ˈtaɪəd/
29	He said to me that he would come.	El mi-a spus că va veni.	/hiː sed tə miː ðət hiː wʊd kʌm/
30	He told me he would come.	El mi-a spus că va veni.	/hiː təʊld miː hiː wʊd kʌm/
31	She said, "I will do it today."	Ea a spus: "O voi face azi."	/ʃiː sed aɪ wɪl duː ɪt təˈdeɪ/
32	She said she would do it that day.	Ea a spus că o va face în ziua aceea.	/ʃiː sed ʃiː wʊd duː ɪt ðət deɪ/
33	He said, "I saw her yesterday."	El a spus: "Am văzut-o ieri."	/hiː sed aɪ sɔː hɜː ˈjestədeɪ/
34	He said he had seen her the day before.	El a spus că o văzuse cu o zi înainte.	/hiː sed hiː həd siːn hɜː ðə deɪ bɪˈfɔː/
35	She said, "I will call you tomorrow."	Ea a spus: "Te voi suna mâine."	/ʃiː sed aɪ wɪl kɔːl juː təˈmɒrəʊ/
36	She said she would call me the next day.	Ea a spus că mă va suna a doua zi.	/ʃiː sed ʃiː wʊd kɔːl miː ðə nekst deɪ/
37	He said, "I work here."	El a spus: "Lucrez aici."	/hiː sed aɪ wɜːk hɪə/
38	He said he worked there.	El a spus că lucrează acolo.	/hiː sed hiː wɜːkt ðeə/
39	She said, "This is my book."	Ea a spus: "Aceasta e cartea mea."	/ʃiː sed ðɪs ɪz maɪ bʊk/
40	She said that was her book.	Ea a spus că aceea e cartea ei.	/ʃiː sed ðət wəz hɜː bʊk/
41	The scientist announced, "I have made a discovery."	Omul de știință a anunțat: "Am făcut o descoperire."	/ðə ˈsaɪəntɪst əˈnaʊnst aɪ həv meɪd ə dɪˈskʌvəri/
42	The scientist announced that he had made a discovery.	Omul de știință a anunțat că făcuse o descoperire.	/ðə ˈsaɪəntɪst əˈnaʊnst ðət hiː həd meɪd ə dɪˈskʌvəri/
43	She explained, "The process is simple."	Ea a explicat: "Procesul e simplu."	/ʃiː ɪkˈspleɪnd ðə ˈprəʊses ɪz ˈsɪmpəl/
44	She explained that the process was simple.	Ea a explicat că procesul e simplu.	/ʃiː ɪkˈspleɪnd ðət ðə ˈprəʊses wəz ˈsɪmpəl/
45	He claimed, "I invented this device."	El a susținut: "Am inventat acest dispozitiv."	/hiː kleɪmd aɪ ɪnˈventɪd ðɪs dɪˈvaɪs/
46	He claimed that he had invented that device.	El a susținut că inventase acel dispozitiv.	/hiː kleɪmd ðət hiː həd ɪnˈventɪd ðət dɪˈvaɪs/
47	She admitted, "I made a mistake."	Ea a admis: "Am făcut o greșeală."	/ʃiː ədˈmɪtɪd aɪ meɪd ə mɪˈsteɪk/
48	She admitted that she had made a mistake.	Ea a admis că făcuse o greșeală.	/ʃiː ədˈmɪtɪd ðət ʃiː həd meɪd ə mɪˈsteɪk/
49	He promised, "I will finish it on time."	El a promis: "O voi termina la timp."	/hiː ˈprɒmɪst aɪ wɪl ˈfɪnɪʃ ɪt ɒn taɪm/
50	He promised that he would finish it on time.	El a promis că o va termina la timp.	/hiː ˈprɒmɪst ðət hiː wʊd ˈfɪnɪʃ ɪt ɒn taɪm/
51	She suggested, "We should try this method."	Ea a sugerat: "Ar trebui să încercăm această metodă."	/ʃiː səˈdʒestɪd wiː ʃʊd traɪ ðɪs ˈmeθəd/
52	She suggested that we should try that method.	Ea a sugerat că ar trebui să încercăm acea metodă.	/ʃiː səˈdʒestɪd ðət wiː ʃʊd traɪ ðət ˈmeθəd/
53	He warned, "It will be dangerous."	El a avertizat: "Va fi periculos."	/hiː wɔːnd ɪt wɪl biː ˈdeɪndʒərəs/
54	He warned that it would be dangerous.	El a avertizat că va fi periculos.	/hiː wɔːnd ðət ɪt wʊd biː ˈdeɪndʒərəs/
55	She complained, "The work is too hard."	Ea s-a plâns: "Munca e prea grea."	/ʃiː kəmˈpleɪnd ðə wɜːk ɪz tuː hɑːd/
56	She complained that the work was too hard.	Ea s-a plâns că munca e prea grea.	/ʃiː kəmˈpleɪnd ðət ðə wɜːk wəz tuː hɑːd/
57	Coandă said, "I discovered a new effect."	Coandă a spus: "Am descoperit un efect nou."	/kəʊˈɑːndə sed aɪ dɪˈskʌvəd ə njuː ɪˈfekt/
58	Coandă said he had discovered a new effect.	Coandă a spus că descoperise un efect nou.	/kəʊˈɑːndə sed hiː həd dɪˈskʌvəd ə njuː ɪˈfekt/
59	Paulescu announced, "This substance can help diabetics."	Paulescu a anunțat: "Această substanță poate ajuta diabeticii."	/paʊˈlesku əˈnaʊnst ðɪs ˈsʌbstəns kæn help ˌdaɪəˈbetɪks/
60	Paulescu announced that substance could help diabetics.	Paulescu a anunțat că acea substanță poate ajuta diabeticii.	/paʊˈlesku əˈnaʊnst ðət ˈsʌbstəns kʊd help ˌdaɪəˈbetɪks/
61	She said, "I live in Romania."	Ea a spus: "Locuiesc în România."	/ʃiː sed aɪ lɪv ɪn rəʊˈmeɪniə/
62	She said she lives in Romania.	Ea a spus că locuiește în România.	/ʃiː sed ʃiː lɪvz ɪn rəʊˈmeɪniə/
63	He said, "The Earth is round."	El a spus: "Pământul e rotund."	/hiː sed ði ɜːθ ɪz raʊnd/
64	He said the Earth is round.	El a spus că Pământul e rotund.	/hiː sed ði ɜːθ ɪz raʊnd/
65	She said, "I don't like it."	Ea a spus: "Nu-mi place."	/ʃiː sed aɪ dəʊnt laɪk ɪt/
66	She said she didn't like it.	Ea a spus că nu-i place.	/ʃiː sed ʃiː ˈdɪdənt laɪk ɪt/
67	He said, "I won't come."	El a spus: "Nu voi veni."	/hiː sed aɪ wəʊnt kʌm/
68	He said he wouldn't come.	El a spus că nu va veni.	/hiː sed hiː ˈwʊdənt kʌm/
69	She asked, "Where do you live?"	Ea a întrebat: "Unde locuiești?"	/ʃiː ɑːskt weə duː juː lɪv/
70	She asked where I lived.	Ea a întrebat unde locuiesc.	/ʃiː ɑːskt weə aɪ lɪvd/
71	He asked, "Can you help me?"	El a întrebat: "Poți să mă ajuți?"	/hiː ɑːskt kæn juː help miː/
72	He asked if I could help him.	El a întrebat dacă pot să-l ajut.	/hiː ɑːskt ɪf aɪ kʊd help hɪm/

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